Fish farming in Bangladesh plays a significant role in the total national income of this country which is 3.57 percent of GDP, earning $533 million from exports to 50 countries. Bangladesh, situated in South Asia, boasts an extensive network of rivers and water sources that can be found throughout the country.
Bangladesh is surrounded by almost 800 rivers along with various types of water bodies such as ponds, streams, and lakes these crisscross the land to create the most complex aqua-system in the world.
A major part of the nation’s population is directly or indirectly associated with the fish and fisheries industry. More than 12% of the country’s population, especially those residing in the southern regions of Bangladesh are directly involved in commercial fish farming or related businesses.
South-western districts like Khulna, Barisal, Bagerhat, Satkhira, etc. are considered the best places for commercial brackish fish farming whereas Mymensingh, Cumilla, Jashore, and Bogura are famous for freshwater fish farming.
However, here we are going to describe the main benefits of fish farming in Bangladesh and some tips and tricks.
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Benefits of Fish Farming in Bangladesh
The economy of Bangladesh is mostly dependent on agriculture and agriculture-related business and the contribution of agriculture to the GDP in FY 2021-22 is about 11.50 percent, and Fish farming has a great contribution too.
Bangladesh is one of the world’s leading fish-producing countries with a total production of 45.03 lakh MT in FY 2019-20, where aquaculture accounts for 57.38 percent of the total fish production.
Over the last 12 years, with the fairly steady average fisheries growth of 4.82 percent and consistent average aquaculture growth of around 8.59 percent.
Starting fish farming offers numerous benefits, making it an attractive venture for individuals and entrepreneurs. Some of the benefits are listed here.
1. Abundance of Water Resources:
Bangladesh is crisscrossed by rivers and water bodies, providing ample resources for fish farming.
2. High Demand for Fish:
There is a consistent and growing demand for fish in the local and international markets.
3. Diverse Fish Species:
A variety of fish species can be cultivated, allowing farmers to diversify their production.
4. Nutritional Value:
Fish is a rich source of protein and essential nutrients, contributing to food security and improved nutrition.
5. Profitability:
Fish farming can yield significant profits, especially with proper management and market access.
6. Employment Generation:
Fish farming provides employment opportunities, particularly in rural areas, helping reduce unemployment.
7. Low Capital Investment:
Starting small-scale fish farming requires relatively low initial capital, making it accessible to many.
8. Year-Round Cultivation:
Fish can be cultivated year-round, allowing for multiple harvests in a year.
9. Sustainable Farming:
Sustainable aquaculture practices can be adopted to minimize environmental impact.
10. Integrated Farming:
Fish farming can be integrated with other agricultural activities like rice cultivation, enhancing overall farm productivity.
11. Government Support:
The government of Bangladesh provides support in the form of policies, subsidies, and training programs for fish farmers.
12. Export Opportunities:
Bangladesh exports fish and fish products to international markets, offering income potential for farmers.
13. Technology Adoption:
Modern aquaculture techniques and technology are readily available to improve production efficiency.
14. Disease Management:
Knowledge and strategies for disease management are accessible to mitigate risks in fish farming.
15. Community Development:
Fish farming can foster community development, as it often involves collective efforts and knowledge sharing among farmers.
These benefits make an appealing prospect for individuals seeking to enter the agriculture sector and contribute to the nation’s food security and economic growth.
How to Start Fish Farming in Bangladesh?
Starting a lucrative fish farming business in Bangladesh is comparatively easy. By following a set of easy and simple steps, you can successfully generate good profits through fish farming in this region.
Here we have made an outline of the fundamental procedures for starting your fish farming business. So, carefully follow the process.
1. Select A Suitable Land/Area
Selecting a suitable land or area for fish farming is a crucial step that significantly impacts the success of your aquaculture venture.
Bangladesh’s geographical diversity, with its numerous rivers, ponds, and wetlands, offers a range of options for potential fish farming sites. Here are some key factors to consider when choosing the ideal location:
1.1 Water Source:
Access to a reliable and clean water source is paramount. Many farmers use river water, pond water, or groundwater for fish farming. Ensure the water source is not contaminated with pollutants or industrial waste.
1.2 Soil Quality:
Conduct a soil test to assess its suitability for pond construction and fish farming. Loamy or clayey soils are often preferred, as they retain water well and provide essential nutrients.
1.3 Topography:
Choose a flat or gently sloping area for pond construction, as it simplifies the building process and ensures uniform water distribution. Avoid areas prone to flooding or excessive waterlogging.
1.4 Proximity to Markets:
Consider the accessibility of your chosen location to markets and distribution channels. This will impact transportation costs and the ability to sell your fish produce.
1.5 Climate and Temperature:
Bangladesh experiences a tropical monsoon climate, making it suitable for fish farming throughout the year. Ensure that the area’s temperature fluctuations align with the fish species you intend to cultivate.
1.6 Legal and Environmental Regulations:
Familiarize yourself with local regulations governing fish farming, such as permits and environmental restrictions. Compliance with these rules is essential to avoid legal issues.
1.7 Infrastructure and Utilities:
Access to electricity and roadways for the transportation of fish and supplies is vital for the efficient operation of your fish farm. Adequate infrastructure can minimize operational challenges.
1.8 Security and Safety:
Assess the security of the chosen area to protect your fish from theft or vandalism. Installing fencing or security measures may be necessary.
1.9 Disease History:
Investigate whether there have been any disease outbreaks in the area that could affect your fish. Choosing a location with a clean disease history can reduce the risk of fish diseases.
Seek advice from local agricultural authorities, fisheries experts, or experienced fish farmers. They can provide valuable insights and recommendations based on their knowledge of the area.
2. Pond Construction & Design
Creating an efficient and well-designed pond is crucial for successful fish farming. Begin by selecting an appropriate site with a reliable water source and optimal soil quality.
Generally, rectangular or square-shaped earthen ponds are preferred, as they are easier to manage. Ensure the pond has proper dimensions, typically ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 acres, to accommodate the desired fish quantity.
In the case of concrete or tank, the size may be different. Generally modern fish farming techniques such as Biofloc, Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), Integrated farming, etc.
Construct embankments and install inlet and outlet structures to control water management systems and maintain water quality.
Adequate water depth, usually around 1.5 to 2 meters, should be maintained for optimal fish growth. It’s essential to prepare the pond bottom by removing debris and smoothing it to prevent fish injuries.
To enhance production, consider incorporating aeration systems and shelter structures like aquatic plants or PVC pipes. Properly manage water quality, monitor pH levels, and address any potential issues promptly.
Incorporate these key principles into your pond construction and design to create an ideal environment for successful fish farming.
3. Selecting Fish Species
Select the fish species according to your location and local or international market demand. Tilapia, catfish species, and are popular options due to their adaptability to local conditions and high market demand.
Tilapia, a warm-water fish, thrives in Bangladesh’s climate and is well-suited for aquaculture. Pangasius, or catfish species is also a profitable choice due to its rapid growth and widespread consumer appeal.
Additionally, carp fish species, and native species like rohu, catla, and mrigal are commonly farmed, as they are well-acclimated to local water bodies. Carp species like common carp and silver carp are also popular choices for their fast growth and adaptability.
Last 50 years’ shrimp has taken the lead as the predominant fish species cultivated in the southern regions of Bangladesh. Shrimp has great demand and commands high value both in local markets and on the global stage.
Besides shrimp, crab, bhetki, tangra, and horina chingri are among the common fish species that thrive naturally in saltwater gher environments.
On the freshwater front, you have a diverse array of options such as katla, rui, mrigal, common carp, boal, pabda, chital, koi, shol, gozar, and various types of catfish.
Conduct thorough research and consider consulting local experts or agriculture officers to determine the most suitable fish species for your specific location and business goals.
4. Pond Preparation
Effective pond preparation is crucial for successful fish farming in Bangladesh. Begin by draining the pond and removing any unwanted vegetation, debris, or predators.
Apply lime to balance the pH level and enrich the water with organic manure to enhance nutrient content.
Ensure proper leveling of the pond bed and create a suitable water inlet and outlet system for water exchange and oxygenation.
Install fencing or netting to deter birds and other predators. Additionally, stock the pond with suitable fingerlings or juveniles of your chosen fish species and monitor water quality regularly. Adequate pond preparation sets the stage for productive and profitable fish farming.
5. Feeding
Feeding is a critical aspect of successful fish farming in Bangladesh. Proper nutrition is essential for fish growth, health, and overall farm profitability. Here are some key points to consider regarding feeding in fish farming
5.1 Commercial Feeds:
Many fish farmers in Bangladesh rely on commercially prepared feeds, available as pellets or crumbles. These feeds are formulated to meet the nutritional needs of specific fish species and stages of growth. They are convenient and ensure balanced nutrition.
5.2 Natural Feeds:
In addition to commercial feeds, fish can also derive nutrition from natural sources within the pond, such as algae, aquatic plants, and small aquatic organisms. These natural feeds can supplement the diet and reduce feeding costs.
5.3 Protein Requirements:
Protein is a crucial component of fish diets, and its source can vary. For carnivorous fish like catfish and tilapia, protein-rich feeds from animal sources like fish meal are common. Herbivorous fish may require feeds with more plant-based proteins.
5.4 Feeding Frequency:
The feeding frequency depends on the fish species, age, and environmental conditions. Typically, fish are fed 2-3 times a day, ensuring that they consume all the feed within 15-20 minutes.
5.5 Monitoring and Adjusting:
Regularly monitor the feeding behavior of your fish. Adjust feeding rates based on the growth and appetite of the fish and water temperature. Overfeeding should be avoided to prevent water quality issues.
5.6 Supplementary Feeding:
In some cases, supplementary feeding with vitamins and minerals may be necessary to address specific deficiencies.
5.7 Record Keeping:
Maintain detailed records of feeding schedules, quantities, and fish growth rates. This data helps in optimizing feeding strategies and overall farm management.
By paying careful attention to feeding practices, you can enhance growth rates, reduce production costs, and ultimately achieve better profitability.
6. Special Care & Management
Commercial fish farming requires meticulous care and management. Proper water quality monitoring and disease prevention are very necessary. Adequate monitoring of aeration and feeding are essential for fish health and growth.
Take proactive measures to safeguard against the intrusion of potential threats such as frogs, snakes, and other harmful animals and predators. Your dedication to these precautions will contribute to the overall health and success of your fish farming business.
7. Harvesting
Fish harvesting is one of the critical phases of commercial fish farming. It should be carried out with care and precision to maximize yields. Before harvesting, assess fish size and market demand to determine the optimal timing.
Utilize suitable harvesting tools and techniques, such as seines or nets, to minimize stress and injury to the fish. Maintain hygiene during the process to ensure fish quality.
Once harvested, promptly transport the fish to market or storage facilities to maintain freshness. Effective fish harvesting practices are essential to capitalize on your investment. and contribute to the profitability of your fish farming venture in Bangladesh.
8. Marketing
Effective marketing is crucial for commercial fish farming success in Bangladesh. But the thing is that Marketing fish in the local market is very easy. All types of fish especially shrimp has a huge demand in the local and international market.
You can also flow some marketing strategies like establishing a strong online presence through websites and social media to reach broader customers.
Utilize local marketplaces, retailers, and restaurants to sell your fish. Offer competitive pricing and quality assurance to attract customers.
Collaborate with local fisheries associations and attend trade fairs to network and expand your customer base. Additionally, always emphasize eco-friendly and sustainable fish farming practices to save your environment.
Fish farming in Bangladesh is a promising venture with numerous opportunities for success. By following these tips and maintaining dedication to your farm, you can contribute to the country’s food security, economic growth, and your own financial stability.
Tips for Fish Farming
Fish farming offers significant opportunities for individuals and entrepreneurs. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced fish farmer, these 25 tips will help you succeed in this thriving industry.
Setting Up Your Fish Farm
1. Choose the Right Location: Select a location with access to clean water sources, proper drainage, and proximity to markets.
2. Land Preparation: Prepare the land by clearing debris and ensuring proper soil quality for pond construction.
3. Pond Design: Design ponds that suit your chosen fish species and follow best practices for size and depth.
4. Water Quality Management: Regularly test and maintain water quality parameters such as pH, oxygen levels, and temperature.
5. Select Suitable Fish Species: Research and select fish species that are well-suited to your climate and market demand.
Pond Construction and Management
6. Construct Secure Fencing: Install fencing to protect your ponds from unauthorized access and predators.
7. Pond Aeration: Consider installing aerators to maintain oxygen levels, especially in densely stocked ponds.
8. Use Lime and Organic Fertilizers: Apply lime and organic fertilizers to enhance pond productivity and phytoplankton growth.
9. Stocking Density: Follow recommended stocking densities for your chosen fish species to prevent overcrowding.
10. Feeding Management: Develop a feeding regimen based on the nutritional needs of your fish and avoid overfeeding.
11. Regular Monitoring: Conduct regular inspections to check for disease outbreaks, water quality issues, and any maintenance needs.
Disease Management
12. Quarantine New Stock: Isolate new fish stock in a quarantine pond to prevent the introduction of diseases.
13. Practice Biosecurity: Implement strict biosecurity measures to prevent disease spread between ponds.
14. Vaccination: If applicable, consult with experts on vaccination schedules to protect your fish from common diseases.
15. Seek Professional Advice: Build a relationship with a local veterinarian or aquaculture expert for guidance on disease management.
Feeding and Nutrition
16. Quality Feeds: Use high-quality feeds with appropriate protein levels for your fish species.
17. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR): Monitor and optimize FCR to minimize feed wastage and reduce production costs.
18. Supplementary Feeding: Consider supplementing commercial feeds with natural food sources like plankton and aquatic insects.
Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling
19. Harvest at the Right Time: Harvest fish at the optimum size to maximize profits and minimize feed costs.
20. Use Proper Harvesting Techniques: Handle fish gently during harvesting to minimize stress and physical damage.
21. Sorting and Grading: Sort and grade fish based on size and quality for better market value.
22. Proper Storage: Invest in proper storage facilities or ice to maintain fish quality until sale.
23. Value Addition: Explore value addition options such as processing and packaging to increase product shelf life.
Marketing and Sales
24. Market Research: Conduct market research to identify demand trends and preferences in your target market.
25. Diversify Sales Channels: Explore various sales channels, including local markets, wholesalers, and direct sales to consumers.
Remember that fish farming requires continuous learning and adaptation. Stay updated with the latest practices and regulations in the industry, and don’t hesitate to seek advice from experienced farmers or aquaculture experts. With dedication and proper management, your fish farming venture in Bangladesh can be profitable and sustainable.
